After oral administration, probiotic lactobacilli meet a number of protection systems in the human body, such as exposure to gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal juices. Overcoming these detrimental barriers allows living bacteria to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), providing health benefits to the host.
Based on this, the transit tolerance of 25 candidate probiotic lactobacilli from katak, yoghurt, and white-brined and yellow cheese to simulated bile and small intestinal juices of variable pH was investigated. To establish their resistance, in vitro model systems based on modified MRS media and a longer duration of action (up to 24 h of incubation) were designed.
Six of the strains studied were found to show strain-specific survival capacity with low viability in conditions simulating stomach acidity and high resistance to bile and intestinal juices. In addition, the adherence capability (autoaggregation and hydrophobicity) of the strains was determined.
Obtained results allowed to select Lactobacillus strains with high survival ratios while passing through the GIT and good adherence properties, which make them suitable for the development of new probiotics.
Predominance of IncL/M and IncF plasmid types among CTX-M-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulgarian hospitals.
Our objective was to investigate the plasmid replicon-types involved in spread of ESBLs among Bulgarian Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Sixty-three isolates, with transferable beta-lactam resistance determinants, collected between 2007 and 2009 in six medical institutions, were analysed with respect to their antimicrobial susceptibility, ESBL-, RAPD-, and plasmid replicon-type.
Phylogenetic typing and screening for the O25b-ST131 lineage were carried out for E. coli. The predominant ESBLs were CTX-M-15 (81%) among E. coli and CTX-M-3 (58%) among K. pneumoniae. Other sporadically found ESBLs were SHV-12 and TEM-139, and for the first time in Bulgaria, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-14. Replicon typing revealed that plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-3 exclusively belonged to IncL/M-type, while blaCTX-M-15 was predominantly (94%) associated with IncF-type plasmids.
Annexin V |
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Annv | Clemente Associates LLC | 2 ML | 367.5 EUR |
Annexin V |
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E8ET1702-62 | EnoGene | 100ul | 275 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V, Biotin conjugate |
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29013 | Biotium | 0.5mL | 368.4 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 0.5mL |
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Annexin V, Biotin Conjugate |
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29013-1 | Biotium | EA | 309 EUR |
Annexin V 647 |
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E16FXP023a-100T | EnoGene | 100 tests | 433.33 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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A9262 | Abclonal | 200μL | 213.2 EUR |
Description: Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 165-225 of human CD79a (NP_001774.1). |
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Annexin A5 (Annexin V) (VAC-alpha) |
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MC-250 | Kamiya Biomedical Company | VAA-33 | Ask for price |
Annexin V (PE) |
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abx090613-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 644.4 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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EXB0027 | ExBio | 100 tests | 244.8 EUR |
Annexin V (APC) |
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abx090615-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 718.8 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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EXB0028 | ExBio | 100 tests | 244.8 EUR |
Annexin V (FITC) |
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abx090611-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 510 EUR |
Annexin V FITC |
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EXB0024 | ExBio | 100 tests | 244.8 EUR |
Annexin V- FITC |
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E16FXP018a-100T | EnoGene | 100 tests | 400 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V, CF770 |
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29046 | Biotium | 25ug | 410.4 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 25ug |
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Annexin V siRNA |
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20-abx907673 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V siRNA |
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20-abx907674 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V siRNA |
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20-abx900343 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V, Human |
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E34M143H | EnoGene | 5 μg | 155 EUR |
Annexin V, sulforhodamine 101 conjugate (Texas-Red Annexin V) |
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29002 | Biotium | 0.5ML | 332.4 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 0.5ML |
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Annexin V antibody |
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10R-7939 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 516 EUR |
Description: Mouse monoclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V antibody |
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20R-1522 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 781.2 EUR |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V antibody |
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70R-11770 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 632.4 EUR |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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49376-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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49376-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
Annexin V antibody |
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70R-13691 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 386.4 EUR |
Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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3357-100 | Biovision | each | 464.4 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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3357-30T | Biovision | each | 175.2 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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F49706-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | 140.25 EUR |
Description: Annexin 5 belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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F49706-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | 322.15 EUR |
Description: Annexin 5 belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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F49707-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | 140.25 EUR |
Description: Annexin 5 is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. [UniProt] |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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F49707-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | 322.15 EUR |
Description: Annexin 5 is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. [UniProt] |
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Annexin V antibody |
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PAab09988 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | 463.2 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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RQ5261 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | 356.15 EUR |
Description: The protein encoded by the ANXA5 gene belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. [RefSeq] |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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DF6580 | Affinity Biosciences | 100ul | 280 EUR |
Description: Human,Mouse,Rat |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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R30176 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Description: Annexin V is also know as endonnexin II (ENX2),or placental protein 4 (PP4). It is a member of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, known as annexins. It bind to the phospholipids that are preferentially located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Annexin V has a relative molecular weight of about 35,000. The gene lies on mouse chromosome 3 in close linkage with the fibroblast growth factor 2(basic) gene and is syntenic with other genes known to have orthologous counterparts on human chromosome 4q. The cDNA encoded a protein of 320 amino acid residues. A single mRNA, approximately 1.6 kb long, was found to be expressed in human cell lines and placenta. It is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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R31475 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Description: Annexin V or A5 has been proposed to play a role in the inhibition of blood coagulation by competing for phosphatidylserine binding sites with prothrombin and also to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A1. This protein is an anticoagulant protein, it can form a shield around negatively-charged phospholipid molecules, the formation of an Annexin V shield blocks the entry of phospholipids into coagulation (clotting) reactions. Annexin AV can also act as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. |
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Annexin V antibody |
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CAF50033-100ug | Biomatik Corporation | 100ug | 312 EUR |
Annexin V antibody |
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CAF50425-100ug | Biomatik Corporation | 100ug | 338 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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E2300787 | EnoGene | 100ug | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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E300518 | EnoGene | 100ug/200ul | 275 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V antibody |
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E39-09988 | EnoGene | 100ug/100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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DF6580-100ul | Affinity Biosciences | 100ul | 280 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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DF6580-200ul | Affinity Biosciences | 200ul | 350 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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49376 | SAB | 100ul | 499 EUR |
Annexin V, Recombinant |
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20014 | AAT Bioquest | 100 ug | 222 EUR |
Annexin V, Recombinant |
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20015 | AAT Bioquest | 1 mg | 1509 EUR |
Annexin V, Recombinant |
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20014-100ug | AAT Bioquest | 100 ug | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V, Recombinant |
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20015-1mg | AAT Bioquest | 1 mg | 1509 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx414512-100tests1ml | Abbexa | 100 tests (1 ml) | 610.8 EUR |
Annexin V ELISA kit |
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55R-IB49646 | Fitzgerald | 96 wells | 1413.6 EUR |
Description: ELISA kit for the detection of Annexin V in the research laboratory |
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Annexin V ELISA kit |
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55R-ORG643 | Fitzgerald | 96 wells | 541.2 EUR |
Description: ELISA kit for the detection of Annexin V in the research laboratory |
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Annexin V Mouse mAb |
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E2221242 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Dyomics 647 |
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EXB0023 | ExBio | 100 tests | 266.4 EUR |
Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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E2381706 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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E2382841 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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E2R22841 | EnoGene | 100ul | 255 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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52083 | SAB | 100ul | 499 EUR |
Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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59326 | SAB | 100ul | 339 EUR |
Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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27222 | SAB | 100ul | 319 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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1014-1000 | Biovision | each | 1358.4 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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1014-200 | Biovision | each | 483.6 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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E-CK-A115-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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E-CK-A115-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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E-CK-A115-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-PE Reagent |
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E-CK-A115-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Recombinant human Annexin A5/Annexin V/ANXA5 Protein |
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RP01180 | Abclonal | 10 μg | 186 EUR |
Active Annexin V (ANXA5) |
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4-APA259Ra01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Recombinant Rat Annexin V expressed in: E.coli |
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Annexin V-Cy5 Reagent |
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1013-1000 | Biovision | each | 1358.4 EUR |
Annexin V-Cy5 Reagent |
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1013-200 | Biovision | each | 483.6 EUR |
Annexin V-Cy3 Reagent |
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1002-1000 | Biovision | each | 1358.4 EUR |
Annexin V-Cy3 Reagent |
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1002-200 | Biovision | each | 483.6 EUR |
Annexin V, FITC Labeled |
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20030 | AAT Bioquest | 100 tests | 222 EUR |
Active Annexin V (ANXA5) |
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RPU55516-100ug | Biomatik Corporation | 100ug | 918.5 EUR |
Active Annexin V (ANXA5) |
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RPU55516-1mg | Biomatik Corporation | 1mg | 3619.2 EUR |
Active Annexin V (ANXA5) |
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RPU55516-50ug | Biomatik Corporation | 50ug | 556.8 EUR |
Annexin V, FITC Labeled |
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20030-100tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-APC Reagent |
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E-CK-A117-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-APC Reagent |
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E-CK-A117-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-APC Reagent |
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E-CK-A117-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-APC Reagent |
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E-CK-A117-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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1004-1000 | Biovision | each | 1358.4 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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1004-200 | Biovision | each | 483.6 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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1001-1000 | Biovision | each | 1495.2 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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1001-200 | Biovision | each | 529.2 EUR |
anti- Annexin V antibody |
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FNab09988 | FN Test | 100µg | 658.5 EUR |
Description: Antibody raised against Annexin V |
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anti- Annexin V antibody |
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FNab00436 | FN Test | 100µg | 606.3 EUR |
Description: Antibody raised against Annexin V |
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anti- Annexin V antibody |
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FNab00437 | FN Test | 100µg | 606.3 EUR |
Description: Antibody raised against Annexin V |
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Annexin V Binding Assay |
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TBS2108 | Tribioscience | 100 tests | 200 EUR |
Annexin V, TRITC Labeled |
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20031-100tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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E-CK-A111-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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E-CK-A111-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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E-CK-A111-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC Reagent |
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E-CK-A111-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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E-CK-A119-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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E-CK-A119-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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E-CK-A119-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP Reagent |
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E-CK-A119-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-HRP Antibody |
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E2700787 | EnoGene | 100ug | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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OPSB00056-100T - Aposcreen Annexin V : Biotin |
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OPSB00056-100T | Aviva Systems Biology | 100Tests | 389 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx230436-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | 577.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx230437-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | 577.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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20-abx109540 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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20-abx121016 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx412125-01mg | Abbexa | 0.1 mg | 1078.8 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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20-abx109257 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V Binding Buffer |
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abx090621-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 343.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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20-abx110998 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx032878-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | 627.6 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx032878-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | 343.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx032879-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | 627.6 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx032879-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | 343.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx037408-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | 469.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx038319-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | 469.2 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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abx414511-01mg | Abbexa | 0.1 mg | 526.8 EUR |
Annexin V, FITC conjugate |
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29001 | Biotium | 0.5ML | 332.4 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 0.5ML |
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Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody |
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20-abx001443 | Abbexa |
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Annexin V, FITC Conjugate |
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29001-1 | Biotium | EA | 274 EUR |
Annexin V-Cy3 conjugate |
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20065-100Tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 Tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-Cy5 conjugate |
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20066-100Tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 Tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-Cy5.5 conjugate |
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20067-100Tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 Tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-Cy7 conjugate |
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20068-100Tests | AAT Bioquest | 100 Tests | 222 EUR |
Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-AF647 Reagent |
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E-CK-A113-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 Reagent |
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E-CK-A113-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 Reagent |
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E-CK-A113-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 Reagent |
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E-CK-A113-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-EV450 Reagent |
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E-CK-A133-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-EV450 Reagent |
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E-CK-A133-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-EV450 Reagent |
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E-CK-A133-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-EV450 Reagent |
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E-CK-A133-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-EV500 Reagent |
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E-CK-A135-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-EV500 Reagent |
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E-CK-A135-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-EV500 Reagent |
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E-CK-A135-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-EV500 Reagent |
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E-CK-A135-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-AF488 Reagent |
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E-CK-A137-100T | Elabscience Biotech | 100T | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-AF488 Reagent |
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E-CK-A137-200T | Elabscience Biotech | 200T | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-AF488 Reagent |
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E-CK-A137-500T | Elabscience Biotech | 500T | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-AF488 Reagent |
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E-CK-A137-50T | Elabscience Biotech | 50T | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-ER780 Reagent |
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E-CK-A139-100Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 100 Tests | 190 EUR |
Annexin V-ER780 Reagent |
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E-CK-A139-200Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 200 Tests | 298 EUR |
Annexin V-ER780 Reagent |
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E-CK-A139-500Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 500 Tests | 660 EUR |
Annexin V-ER780 Reagent |
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E-CK-A139-50Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 50 Tests | 110 EUR |
Annexin V-Biotin Reagent |
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1003-100 | Biovision | each | 444 EUR |
Annexin V-Biotin Reagent |
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1003-1000 | Biovision | each | 2865.6 EUR |
Among E. coli, 59% of the isolates were clonally related. Isolates of that cluster produced CTX-M-15, belonged to the O25b-ST131 lineage, predominantly harboured plasmids with the FIA replicon, and were found in five centres. Among CTX-M-3-producing K. pneumoniae, two prevailing RAPD-types were found, one remained restricted to one centre and the second was found in three centres.
The incompatibility groups IncN and IncA/C linked with blaSHV-12 respectively blaTEM-139 were found only once. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed investigation of plasmids carrying ESBL genes among Bulgarian isolates demonstrating wide distribution of conjugative IncF plasmids among CTX-M-15-producing E. coli and IncL/M plasmids among CTX-M-3 positive K. pneumoniae isolates.