After oral administration, probiotic lactobacilli meet a number of protection systems in the human body, such as exposure to gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal juices. Overcoming these detrimental barriers allows living bacteria to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), providing health benefits to the host.
Based on this, the transit tolerance of 25 candidate probiotic lactobacilli from katak, yoghurt, and white-brined and yellow cheese to simulated bile and small intestinal juices of variable pH was investigated. To establish their resistance, in vitro model systems based on modified MRS media and a longer duration of action (up to 24 h of incubation) were designed.
Six of the strains studied were found to show strain-specific survival capacity with low viability in conditions simulating stomach acidity and high resistance to bile and intestinal juices. In addition, the adherence capability (autoaggregation and hydrophobicity) of the strains was determined.
Obtained results allowed to select Lactobacillus strains with high survival ratios while passing through the GIT and good adherence properties, which make them suitable for the development of new probiotics.
Predominance of IncL/M and IncF plasmid types among CTX-M-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulgarian hospitals.
Our objective was to investigate the plasmid replicon-types involved in spread of ESBLs among Bulgarian Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Sixty-three isolates, with transferable beta-lactam resistance determinants, collected between 2007 and 2009 in six medical institutions, were analysed with respect to their antimicrobial susceptibility, ESBL-, RAPD-, and plasmid replicon-type.
Phylogenetic typing and screening for the O25b-ST131 lineage were carried out for E. coli. The predominant ESBLs were CTX-M-15 (81%) among E. coli and CTX-M-3 (58%) among K. pneumoniae. Other sporadically found ESBLs were SHV-12 and TEM-139, and for the first time in Bulgaria, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-14. Replicon typing revealed that plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-3 exclusively belonged to IncL/M-type, while blaCTX-M-15 was predominantly (94%) associated with IncF-type plasmids.
Annexin V |
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| Annv | Clemente Associates LLC | 2 ML | 367.5 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| ANXVCFB-200T | ImmunoStep | 200 test | 350.9 EUR |
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Description: Annexin V conjugate in the selected fluorochrome |
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Annexin V |
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| ANXVDY-200T | ImmunoStep | 200 test | 287.1 EUR |
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Description: Annexin V conjugate in the selected fluorochrome |
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Annexin V |
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| ANXVF-200T | ImmunoStep | 200 test | 259.6 EUR |
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Description: Annexin V conjugate in the selected fluorochrome |
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Annexin V |
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| ANXVPE-200T | ImmunoStep | 200 test | 287.1 EUR |
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Description: Annexin V conjugate in the selected fluorochrome |
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Annexin V |
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| abx095275-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 443.75 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| abx095275-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Annexin V |
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| abx095275-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | Ask for price |
Annexin V |
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| E8ET1702-62 | EnoGene | 100ul | 275 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V |
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| MBS1802274-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 305 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS1802274-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | 1120 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS8534369-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 345 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS8534369-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS8534369-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS8534369-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V |
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| MBS8534369-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V, Biotin Conjugate |
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| 29013 | Biotium | 0.5mL | 309 EUR |
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Description: BSA from bovine serum (cow; Bos taurus), Annexin V (recombinant produced in E. coli) |
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Annexin V, Biotin Conjugate |
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| 29013-1 | Biotium | EA | 309 EUR |
Annexin V 647 |
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| E16FXP023a-100T | EnoGene | 100 tests | 433.33 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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| A13945 | Abclonal | 200μL | 1246.96 EUR |
Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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| A9262 | Abclonal | 200μL | 343.62 EUR |
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Description: Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 165-225 of human CD79a (NP_001774.1). |
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Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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| E45R20506N | EnoGene | 50 ul | 297.75 EUR |
Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit mAb |
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| E45R12113N | EnoGene | 50 ul | 346.5 EUR |
Annexin A5 (Annexin V) (VAC-alpha) |
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| MC-250 | Kamiya Biomedical Company | VAA-33 | Ask for price |
Annexin A5/Annexin V polyclonal antibody |
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| BS75535 | Bioworld Biotech | 50ul | 358 EUR |
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Description: 1mg/ml in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.2 |
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ANNEXIN V: Biotin ASSAY KIT |
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| GWB-Q00431 | GenWay Biotech | 100 TESTS | Ask for price |
ANNEXIN V: Biotin ASSAY KIT |
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| GWB-Q00432 | GenWay Biotech | 300 TESTS | Ask for price |
Annexin V (PE) |
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| abx090613-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 644.4 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| EXB0027 | ExBio | 100 tests | 198 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| MBS1802118-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 305 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| MBS1802118-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | 1120 EUR |
Annexin V (PE) |
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| MBS6251357-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | 860 EUR |
Annexin V (PE) |
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| MBS6251357-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3720 EUR |
Annexin V (AP) |
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| MBS6247389-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | 860 EUR |
Annexin V (AP) |
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| MBS6247389-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3720 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| MBS697175-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 300 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| MBS697175-25Tests | MyBiosource | 25Tests | 185 EUR |
Annexin V PE |
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| MBS697175-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | 1315 EUR |
ANNEXIN V Antibody (Biotin) |
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| GWB-CA4FEB | GenWay Biotech | 100 TESTS/1ml | Ask for price |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| abx090615-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 537.5 EUR |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| abx090615-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 718.8 EUR |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| abx090615-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| abx090615-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | Ask for price |
Annexin V APC |
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| EXB0028 | ExBio | 100 tests | 198 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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| MBS1802119-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 305 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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| MBS1802119-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | 1120 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS355221-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 470 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS355221-25Tests | MyBiosource | 25Tests | 290 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS2557008-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 200 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS2557008-200Tests | MyBiosource | 200Tests | 270 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS2557008-500Tests | MyBiosource | 500Tests | 530 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS2557008-50Tests | MyBiosource | 50Tests | 155 EUR |
Annexin V-PE |
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| MBS2557008-5x500Tests | MyBiosource | 5x500Tests | 2375 EUR |
Annexin V (HRP) |
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| MBS6250329-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | 860 EUR |
Annexin V (HRP) |
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| MBS6250329-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3720 EUR |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| MBS6268247-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 860 EUR |
Annexin V (APC) |
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| MBS6268247-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3720 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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| MBS697176-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 300 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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| MBS697176-25Tests | MyBiosource | 25Tests | 185 EUR |
Annexin V APC |
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| MBS697176-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | 1315 EUR |
Annexin V, sulforhodamine 101 conjugate (Texas-Red Annexin V) |
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| 29002 | Biotium | 0.5ML | 332.4 EUR |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 0.5ML |
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Annexin V (FITC) |
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| abx090611-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | 510 EUR |
Annexin V FITC |
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| EXB0024 | ExBio | 100 tests | 165 EUR |
Annexin V- FITC |
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| E16FXP018a-100T | EnoGene | 100 tests | 400 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V FITC |
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| MBS1802116-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 280 EUR |
Annexin V FITC |
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| MBS1802116-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | 1020 EUR |
Annexin V-APC |
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| MBS355217-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 540 EUR |
Annexin V-APC |
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| MBS355217-25Tests | MyBiosource | 25Tests | 325 EUR |
Annexin V， Human |
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| E34M143H | EnoGene | 5 μg | 155 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS355209-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 370 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS355209-25Tests | MyBiosource | 25Tests | 250 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS2557006-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 200 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS2557006-200Tests | MyBiosource | 200Tests | 270 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS2557006-500Tests | MyBiosource | 500Tests | 530 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS2557006-50Tests | MyBiosource | 50Tests | 155 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC |
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| MBS2557006-5x500Tests | MyBiosource | 5x500Tests | 2375 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP |
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| MBS2557010-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 200 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP |
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| MBS2557010-200Tests | MyBiosource | 200Tests | 270 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP |
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| MBS2557010-500Tests | MyBiosource | 500Tests | 530 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP |
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| MBS2557010-50Tests | MyBiosource | 50Tests | 155 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP |
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| MBS2557010-5x500Tests | MyBiosource | 5x500Tests | 2375 EUR |
Annexin V, Human |
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| MBS8575300-0005mg | MyBiosource | 0.005mg | 245 EUR |
Annexin V, Human |
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| MBS8575300-5x0005mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.005mg | 940 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 |
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| MBS2557007-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | 200 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 |
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| MBS2557007-200Tests | MyBiosource | 200Tests | 270 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 |
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| MBS2557007-500Tests | MyBiosource | 500Tests | 530 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 |
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| MBS2557007-50Tests | MyBiosource | 50Tests | 155 EUR |
Annexin V-AF647 |
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| MBS2557007-5x500Tests | MyBiosource | 5x500Tests | 2375 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| 3357-100 | Biovision | each | 464.4 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| 3357-30T | Biovision | each | 175.2 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| 49376 | SAB | 100ul | 499 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| 49376-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| 49376-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
Annexin V antibody |
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| 70R-11770 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 447 EUR |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V antibody |
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| 70R-13691 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 519 EUR |
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Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V antibody |
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| 20R-1522 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 781.2 EUR |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V antibody |
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| 10R-7939 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 444 EUR |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal Annexin V antibody |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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| DF6580 | Affbiotech | 200ul | 420 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| DF6580-100ul | Affinity Biosciences | 100ul | 168 EUR |
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Description: WB,IHC,ELISA(peptide) |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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| DF6580-200ul | Affinity Biosciences | 200ul | 210 EUR |
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Description: WB,IHC,ELISA(peptide) |
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Annexin V antibody |
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| CAF50425-100ug | Biomatik Corporation | 100ug | 338 EUR |
Annexin V antibody |
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| CAF50033-100ug | Biomatik Corporation | 100ug | 312 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| GWB-BA41FA | GenWay Biotech | 0.1 mg | Ask for price |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| GWB-70457E | GenWay Biotech | 0.1 mg | Ask for price |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| E2300787 | EnoGene | 100ug | 225 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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| E300518 | EnoGene | 100ug/200ul | 275 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V antibody |
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| E39-09988 | EnoGene | 100ug/100ul | 225 EUR |
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Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS5312528-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 975 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS5312528-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | 4245 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS5311273-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 590 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS5311273-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | 2615 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS852324-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 345 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS852324-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS852324-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS852324-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS852324-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS8504546-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 305 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS8504546-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS8504546-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS8504546-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS8504546-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 565 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS9436121-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | 325 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS9436121-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 435 EUR |
Annexin V Antibody |
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| MBS9436121-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 1810 EUR |
Annexin V antibody |
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| PAab09988 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | 463.2 EUR |
Annexin V, Recombinant |
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| 20015 | AAT Bioquest | 1 mg | 1540 EUR |
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Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V, Recombinant |
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| 20014 | AAT Bioquest | 100 ug | 227 EUR |
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Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V, Recombinant |
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| 20014-100ug | AAT Bioquest | 100 ug | 222 EUR |
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Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V, Recombinant |
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| 20015-1mg | AAT Bioquest | 1 mg | 1509 EUR |
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Description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. |
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Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-FITC/PI |
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| 40302ES08 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 5T | 65 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-FITC/PI |
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| 40302ES20 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 20 T | 232 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-FITC/PI |
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| 40302ES50 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 50 T | 422 EUR |
Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-FITC/PI |
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| 40302ES60 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 100 T | 602 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-EGFP/PI |
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| 40303ES20 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 20 T | 232 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-EGFP/PI |
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| 40303ES50 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 50 T | 422 EUR |
Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit Annexin V-EGFP/PI |
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| 40303ES60 | Yeasen Biotechnology | 100 T | 602 EUR |
[KO Validated] Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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| A1728 | Abclonal | 50μL | 343.62 EUR |
[KO Validated] Annexin A5/Annexin V Rabbit pAb |
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| E45R23602N | EnoGene | 50 ul | 366 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody (Biotin) |
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| abx414512-100tests1ml | Abbexa | 100 tests (1 ml) | 610.8 EUR |
Annexin V (ANXA5) Antibody (Biotin) |
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| abx414512-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | 400 EUR |
Annexin V ELISA kit |
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| 55R-IB49646 | Fitzgerald | 96 wells | 1413.6 EUR |
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Description: ELISA kit for the detection of Annexin V in the research laboratory |
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Annexin V ELISA kit |
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| 55R-ORG643 | Fitzgerald | 96 wells | 390 EUR |
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Description: ELISA kit for the detection of Annexin V in the research laboratory |
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Rat Annexin V siRNA |
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| 20-abx907673 | Abbexa |
|
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Annexin V Mouse mAb |
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| E2221242 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Among E. coli, 59% of the isolates were clonally related. Isolates of that cluster produced CTX-M-15, belonged to the O25b-ST131 lineage, predominantly harboured plasmids with the FIA replicon, and were found in five centres. Among CTX-M-3-producing K. pneumoniae, two prevailing RAPD-types were found, one remained restricted to one centre and the second was found in three centres.
The incompatibility groups IncN and IncA/C linked with blaSHV-12 respectively blaTEM-139 were found only once. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed investigation of plasmids carrying ESBL genes among Bulgarian isolates demonstrating wide distribution of conjugative IncF plasmids among CTX-M-15-producing E. coli and IncL/M plasmids among CTX-M-3 positive K. pneumoniae isolates.